I. Introduction
A. Overview of Hummingbird Attraction
Attracting hummingbirds to your garden isn’t just about beauty and enjoyment. These tiny creatures contribute significantly to pollination, proving beneficial to your garden and local ecosystem. The characteristics of hummingbird-attracting flowers are quite specific with bright colors, especially red, and tubular shapes enticing these small avian jewels.
B. Relevance to Wisconsin
Creating a hummingbird-friendly garden in Wisconsin requires careful consideration of the state’s diverse climate. The selected flowers should not only attract hummingbirds, but also survive and thrive in the varied weather conditions. This research paper aims to help you choose the most suitable fast-growing flowers for your Wisconsin garden, with a special emphasis on species native to Wisconsin that attract hummingbirds.
II. Fast Growing Flowers Suitable for Wisconsin
A. Bee Balm (Monarda didyma)
A perennial favorite among hummingbirds, Bee Balm, with its showy red blooms is hardy and fits well in Wisconsin’s climate. To ensure conditions for optimal bee balm growth, plant them in full sun to partial shade. They prefer rich, medium-moisture to wet soil. Be sure to space them 18-24 inches apart to allow sufficient air circulation, which helps prevent powdery mildew, a common issue with Bee Balm. Regular watering and moisture retention are crucial for its vibrant growth.
B. Zinnia (Zinnia spp.)
Zinnias, annuals that flourish in growing zones 2 through 11, are versatile flowers that offer a broad rainbow of colors, except blue and brown. They love full sun exposure, and do well in humus-rich moist, well-drained soil. For healthy plants, ensure good air circulation which is essential in preventing fungal diseases. Remove spent flowerheads to encourage more blooms.
C. Salvia (Salvia spp.)
Salvia, blooming in mauve, pink, purple, and blue, is a favorite of hummingbirds. Suitable for growing zones 4 through 11, these plants prefer dry to medium-moisture, well-drained soil and need to be planted in full sun. To ensure repeated blooming, maintain consistent soil moisture.
D. Petunia (Petunia spp.)
Petunias, although less durable perennials in colder climates, offer a wide range of colors and are abundant nectar producers, making them irresistible to hummingbirds. Ideal for growing zones 10 to 11, they prefer full sun and medium-moisture, well-drained soil. Their versatile nature makes them suitable for containers, borders, and baskets.
III. Native Wisconsin Flowers to Attract Hummingbirds
A. Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)
Cardinal Flowers produce long stalks up to 4 feet tall with stunning red blooms. Native to Wisconsin and hardy in zones 3 to 9, these plants appreciate full sun to partial shade and need rich, consistently moist soil to flourish. They bloom from mid-summer to early fall, adding a splash of color to your garden.
B. Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
Columbine, a native Wisconsin flower, exhibits blossoms in various shades of blue, purple, and pink. Flourishing in growing zones 3 to 8, these plants thrive in full sun to partial shade with average, well-drained soil. Although their blooming period is shorter, deadheading can encourage rebloom.
C. Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)
Trumpet Honeysuckle, with its red, pink, orange, and yellow flowers, is a great early nectar source for hummingbirds. Although climbers, their growth remains manageable, making them a great option for trellises. They grow well in full sun to partial shade with well-drained soil. Be prepared to manage their spread as they may become invasive if not kept in check.
D. Coral Bell (Heuchera spp.)
Coral Bells, showcasing flowers in shades of red, white, pink, and orange, bloom from late spring to early summer. Regular division is needed to maintain the health and vibrancy of these plants. They thrive in full sun to partial shade with rich, moist but well-drained soil.
IV. Long-term Growing Flowers for Wisconsin Gardeners
A. Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidii)
If you have the patience for a longer-term project, consider planting the Butterfly Bush. These plants, blooming in pink, purple, and blue, require full sun, medium-moisture, well-drained soil, and are drought-tolerant. Keep in mind they typically bloom in the second year and can become invasive, so it’s necessary to check local guidelines.
B. Delphinium (Delphinium spp.)
Delphiniums, flaunting pastel, blue, pink, purple, and white flowers, bloom in the second or third year of planting. They do well in full sun to partial shade with moist loam, well-draining soil. However, special care must be taken as they are susceptible to pests and fungal diseases.
V. Practical Planting and Maintenance Tips
A. Soil, Sunlight, and Water Requirements
Understanding the unique soil, sunlight, and water requirements of each plant is fundamental to their survival and growth. Wisconsin gardeners might need soil amendments for enhancing soil quality, careful observation of sunlight exposure to cater accordingly, and a regular watering schedule aligning with plant needs.
B. Garden Design to Enhance Hummingbird Attraction
How you set up your garden plays a significant role in attracting hummingbirds. Offering a variety of plant heights and incorporating features like water sources and perches can maximize the garden’s appeal to hummingbirds.
C. Protective Measures
Protecting your plants from local pests and diseases is essential for a thriving garden. Familiarize yourself with common plant diseases and pests in Wisconsin and take preventive measures at early stages to mitigate damage.
D. Local Resources
Explore local nurseries and garden centers to get the right plants for your region. Don’t hesitate to seek advice from local gardening experts or online gardening communities.
E. Complementary Garden Features
Consider including herbs, flowering shrubs, dwarf trees, and vines for a more layered habitat. Also, hummingbirds are attracted to moving water. You can achieve this with a gentle spray from a nozzle or sprinkler hose.
VI. Conclusion
A. Summary of Benefits
Fast-growing flowers not only beautify your backyard but attract hummingbirds, benefiting both the gardener and the local ecosystem. Their bright colors and nectar provide sustenance to hummingbirds, helping them thrive.
B. Final Thoughts
While it might seem daunting initially, developing a hummingbird-friendly garden in Wisconsin can be an incredibly rewarding project. Experimenting with different plants gives you a chance to discover what works best for your specific part of the state. In the process, you are not only creating a visually appealing sanctuary for yourself but significantly supporting local pollinators.